Criminal law is the branch of law that regulates individuals' behaviors contrary to public order (crimes) and the sanctions to be applied to these crimes. In Turkey, criminal law is primarily governed by **Turkish Penal Code No. 5237 (TCK)**. This code covers acts constituting crimes (theft, fraud, murder, etc.), penalties (imprisonment, fines, judicial control), and trial processes. Criminal law is divided into general provisions (elements of a crime, application of penalties) and special provisions (types of crimes and their penalties). Additionally, **Criminal Procedure Code No. 5271 (CMK)** determines the procedures and principles of criminal trials. Fundamental principles of criminal law include legality (crimes and penalties defined by law), culpability, proportionality, and respect for human rights.
Criminal law is the branch of law that regulates individuals' behaviors contrary to public order (crimes) and the sanctions applied to these crimes. In Turkey, it is primarily governed by Turkish Penal Code No. 5237 (TCK), covering types of crimes, penalties, and trial processes.
Criminal proceedings are governed by Criminal Procedure Code No. 5271 (CMK). This code regulates procedures and principles such as investigation, prosecution, court processes, and evidence collection.
The fundamental principles of criminal law include legality (crimes and penalties defined by law), the principle of culpability, proportionality, respect for human rights, and the personal nature of penalties.